Inferences from probability-based surveys may still suffer from many types of bias. The inferences are based on a known objective probability distribution that was specified in the study protocol. Probability-based sampling allows design-based inference about the target population. Probability-based samples implement a sampling plan with specified probabilities (perhaps adapted probabilities specified by an adaptive procedure). Survey samples can be broadly divided into two types: probability samples and super samples. A sample refers to a group or section of a population from which information is to be obtained A survey that measures the entire target population is called a census. The purpose of sampling is to reduce the cost and/or the amount of work that it would take to survey the entire target population. Different ways of contacting members of a sample once they have been selected is the subject of survey data collection. In survey sampling it most often involves a questionnaire used to measure the characteristics and/or attitudes of people. The term " survey" may refer to many different types or techniques of observation. In statistics, survey sampling describes the process of selecting a sample of elements from a target population to conduct a survey.
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